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_young-belgian-hopes-to-shake-up-taekwondo-world-at-paris-olympics.jpg "Standing at 1.91 metres, 18-year-old Sarah Chaari is world No. 1 in taekwondo under 67 kilos. She won her ticket to the Paris Olympics at the prestigious Manchester Grand Prix last December. After winning the World Championships in Guadalajara in 2022, she also claimed a title at the European Games this year. But the taekwondoist's ambitions are not limited to sport. In her second year of medicine, Sarah Chaari is trying to combine her particularly demanding studies with her career as an athlete.")
⏲ 2:6 👁 10K
_versailles39s-apollo-fountain-restored-ahead-of-olympics.jpg "With four months to go before the Olympic Games, the Fountain of Apollo in the Chateau de Versailles -- a gilded lead statue-fountain inspired by the legend of the sun god -- is back in use after two years of extensive restoration work. The Palace of Versailles is due to host the equestrian events at the Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games this summer.")
⏲ 2:30 👁 20K
_session-11-open-ran-protocol-stack-124-pdcp-protocol-and-sdap-layer.jpg "Welcome to Session 11 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll dive into Layer 2 functionalities, focusing on key protocols and their roles in Open RAN networks.<br/><br/>PDCP Protocol Layer: The PDCP layer, or Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer, plays a crucial role in Open RAN environments by ensuring reliable data transmission. It is responsible for various functions such as header compression, ciphering, and integrity protection. PDCP sits above the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and below the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer in the protocol stack. Its primary role is to provide an error-free and secure transmission path for user data.<br/><br/>PDCP Functionalities in Dual Connectivity Mode: Dual connectivity mode in wireless networks allows a device to connect to multiple cells simultaneously, enhancing data rates and reliability. In this mode, the PDCP layer manages the data streams from both connected cells, ensuring seamless transmission and reception of data. This involves coordination between the PDCP entities in the device and the network to optimize data delivery. PDCP ensures that data from different cells is properly aggregated and delivered to the higher layers of the protocol stack.<br/><br/>SDAP Protocol: The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) is a protocol used in Open RAN to adapt user-plane data for transmission over the network. SDAP is responsible for mapping different types of user-plane data flows to specific QoS (Quality of Service) requirements and network resources. It ensures that user data is transmitted efficiently and in accordance with the network's capabilities and policies. SDAP also provides mechanisms for congestion control and flow management, ensuring smooth operation of the network under varying traffic conditions.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we unravel the complexities of Layer 2 functionalities in Open RAN, providing valuable insights into the network's operation. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
⏲ 5:18 👁 10K
_ep-113-swallowed-star-4th-season-sub-eng-tunshi-xingkong-4th-season.jpg "(Ep 113) Swallowed Star 4th Season Sub Eng ( Tunshi Xingkong 4th Season ) from o chand samle")
⏲ 15:59 👁 95K
_39easter-sunday39-interviews-with-jo-koy-jimmy-o-yang-and-more.jpg "The cast of Easter Sunday including Jo Koy, Jimmy O. Yang, Tia Carrere, Lydia Gaston, and Director Jay Chandrasekhar joined CinemaBlend to discuss their family comedy. Watch as they discuss how Steven Spielberg’s helped the film get made, Filipino food and heritage, how Easter Sunday will open the door to other communities and much more!")
⏲ 11:39 👁 70K
_henry-danger-season-5-episode-18-double-o-danger.jpg "Henry Danger Season 5 Episode 18 Double-O Danger")
⏲ 26:25 👁 50K
_hannah-montana-season-1-episode-10-o-say-can-you-remember-the-words.jpg "Hannah Montana Season 1 Episode 10 O Say Can You Remember The Words-")
⏲ 26:10 👁 20K
_forbidden-desires-alphas-love-full-episode.jpg "Forbidden desires Alpha‘s Love Full Episode;")
⏲ 38:23 👁 5K
_session-9-understanding-pucch-and-pusch-in-5g-124-open-ran-explained.jpg "Welcome to Session 9 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll delve into the intricacies of the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUCCH Functions: We'll start by discussing the functions of PUCCH, which include carrying uplink control information such as scheduling requests, acknowledgments, and channel quality indications. Understanding these functions is essential for optimizing uplink transmission in 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUCCH Formats: Next, we'll examine the various formats used by PUCCH for transmitting control information. These formats are designed to efficiently convey different types of control information, ensuring reliable and timely communication between the user equipment (UE) and the network.<br/><br/>PUCCH in Action: Lastly, we'll see PUCCH in action, demonstrating how it works in conjunction with other components like the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). This will give you a comprehensive understanding of how PUCCH contributes to the overall efficiency and performance of 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUSCH: Next, we'll shift our focus to the PUSCH, which plays a pivotal role in carrying user data in the uplink. We'll explain the functions of PUSCH, such as transporting data from the user equipment (UE) to the base station (gNB), and how it supports various modulation and coding schemes to optimize data transmission. Additionally, we'll discuss the structure of PUSCH and its interaction with other channels in 5G networks.<br/><br/>Join us as we unravel the complexities of PUCCH and PUSCH, shedding light on their significance in enabling high-speed, reliable, and efficient communication in 5G networks. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
⏲ 4:1 👁 5K
_session-6-protocol-layers-in-open-ran-vs-legacy-networks-124-split-layers.jpg "Welcome to Session 6 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll dive into the intricate world of protocol layers, discussing their disaggregation in both legacy network components and Open RAN components. We'll also explore the 3GPP splits for protocols, examining the various options available for these splits.<br/><br/>Architecture of ORAN and Open RAN Components: We'll provide an in-depth look at the architecture of ORAN and Open RAN components, highlighting the key differences and innovations that set them apart from traditional network architectures. We'll explore how these components work together to create a more flexible, efficient, and cost-effective network infrastructure.<br/><br/>Service Management and Orchestration (SMO): This session introduces SMO, focusing on its role in managing and orchestrating services within the Open RAN environment. We'll discuss how SMO enhances network efficiency and performance by automating resource allocation, optimizing service delivery, and ensuring seamless operation across diverse network elements.<br/><br/>Working Groups in Open RAN: Lastly, we'll explore the various working groups in Open RAN that are driving the evolution of this technology. These groups play a crucial role in shaping the future of Open RAN and ensuring its compatibility with emerging technologies. We'll discuss the goals and objectives of these working groups, as well as their contributions to the development of Open RAN standards and specifications.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we simplify the complexities of protocol layers, architectural designs, and the collaborative efforts shaping the future of Open RAN. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
⏲ 7:41 👁 5K
_session-7-understanding-resource-blocks-frame-structure-and-channel-distribution-in-rb.jpg "Welcome to Session 7 of our Open RAN series! Join us as we explore the intricate details of resource blocks (RBs), frame structure, and channel distribution in RBs in Open RAN networks. Understanding these elements is crucial for optimizing network performance and efficiency.<br/><br/>Resource Block in Frame Structure: <br/>We'll start by explaining the concept of a resource block (RB) in the context of frame structure. RBs are the fundamental units of resource allocation in 5G networks, consisting of a group of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and a set of consecutive symbols in the time domain. Understanding the structure of RBs is essential for optimizing resource allocation and maximizing the efficiency of wireless transmission.<br/><br/>Frame Structure Basic Building Blocks: <br/>Next, we'll delve into the basic building blocks of frame structure in Open RAN. This includes the various elements that make up a frame, such as the preamble, control channels, and data channels. We'll discuss how these elements are organized within a frame to facilitate the transmission of data across the network.<br/><br/>RB Specs for 5G Terminology: <br/>We'll provide an overview of the specifications related to resource blocks in 5G networks. This will include details on the size of an RB, the frequency range it covers, and other parameters that define the characteristics of an RB in the 5G context. Understanding these specifications is essential for designing and optimizing 5G networks.<br/><br/>Channel Distribution in RB: <br/>Understanding how channels are distributed within resource blocks is crucial for efficient data transmission in Open RAN networks. We'll explain the different types of channels, such as the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and how they are mapped to RBs to carry control information and data.<br/><br/>Frame Structure: Finally, we'll discuss the overall frame structure in Open RAN, highlighting how RBs and other elements come together to form a complete frame for data transmission. We'll discuss the role of synchronization signals, reference signals, and other elements in the frame structure, and how they contribute to the efficient operation of the network.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Don't miss out on our future sessions! Subscribe to the \")
⏲ 4:41 👁 5K
_session-5-open-ran39s-evolution-124-legacy-to-open-ran-networks.jpg "Hello and welcome to Session 5 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll delve into the evolution of Open RAN, from legacy to cloud-native networks. Join us as we explore each stage in detail, providing insights into the deployment scenarios and the transition to Virtualized CU, Virtualized DU, or Virtualized RIC.<br/><br/>Legacy Networks: Explore the characteristics of traditional non-virtualized RAN setups, including their hardware-centric nature, lack of flexibility, and limited scalability.<br/><br/>Centralized RAN (C-RAN): Learn about the shift towards a centralized architecture for improved efficiency, where baseband processing is centralized, allowing for easier maintenance and upgrades.<br/><br/>Virtualized RAN (V-RAN): Understand the concept of virtualization in RAN, where network functions are decoupled from hardware and run as software instances, leading to improved resource utilization and flexibility.<br/><br/>Disaggregated Open RAN (ORAN): Discover the principles behind disaggregated RAN, which separates hardware and software components, allowing operators to mix and match vendors and components to build networks that best suit their needs.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we explore each of these stages in detail, providing insights into the evolution of Open RAN deployment. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
⏲ 5:50 👁 5K
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_young-belgian-hopes-to-shake-up-taekwondo-world-at-paris-olympics.webp "Standing at 1.91 metres, 18-year-old Sarah Chaari is world No. 1 in taekwondo under 67 kilos. She won her ticket to the Paris Olympics at the prestigious Manchester Grand Prix last December. After winning the World Championships in Guadalajara in 2022, she also claimed a title at the European Games this year. But the taekwondoist's ambitions are not limited to sport. In her second year of medicine, Sarah Chaari is trying to combine her particularly demanding studies with her career as an athlete.")
_versailles39s-apollo-fountain-restored-ahead-of-olympics.webp "With four months to go before the Olympic Games, the Fountain of Apollo in the Chateau de Versailles -- a gilded lead statue-fountain inspired by the legend of the sun god -- is back in use after two years of extensive restoration work. The Palace of Versailles is due to host the equestrian events at the Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games this summer.")
_session-11-open-ran-protocol-stack-124-pdcp-protocol-and-sdap-layer.webp "Welcome to Session 11 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll dive into Layer 2 functionalities, focusing on key protocols and their roles in Open RAN networks.<br/><br/>PDCP Protocol Layer: The PDCP layer, or Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer, plays a crucial role in Open RAN environments by ensuring reliable data transmission. It is responsible for various functions such as header compression, ciphering, and integrity protection. PDCP sits above the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and below the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer in the protocol stack. Its primary role is to provide an error-free and secure transmission path for user data.<br/><br/>PDCP Functionalities in Dual Connectivity Mode: Dual connectivity mode in wireless networks allows a device to connect to multiple cells simultaneously, enhancing data rates and reliability. In this mode, the PDCP layer manages the data streams from both connected cells, ensuring seamless transmission and reception of data. This involves coordination between the PDCP entities in the device and the network to optimize data delivery. PDCP ensures that data from different cells is properly aggregated and delivered to the higher layers of the protocol stack.<br/><br/>SDAP Protocol: The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) is a protocol used in Open RAN to adapt user-plane data for transmission over the network. SDAP is responsible for mapping different types of user-plane data flows to specific QoS (Quality of Service) requirements and network resources. It ensures that user data is transmitted efficiently and in accordance with the network's capabilities and policies. SDAP also provides mechanisms for congestion control and flow management, ensuring smooth operation of the network under varying traffic conditions.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we unravel the complexities of Layer 2 functionalities in Open RAN, providing valuable insights into the network's operation. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
_ep-113-swallowed-star-4th-season-sub-eng-tunshi-xingkong-4th-season.webp "(Ep 113) Swallowed Star 4th Season Sub Eng ( Tunshi Xingkong 4th Season ) from o chand samle")
_39easter-sunday39-interviews-with-jo-koy-jimmy-o-yang-and-more.webp "The cast of Easter Sunday including Jo Koy, Jimmy O. Yang, Tia Carrere, Lydia Gaston, and Director Jay Chandrasekhar joined CinemaBlend to discuss their family comedy. Watch as they discuss how Steven Spielberg’s helped the film get made, Filipino food and heritage, how Easter Sunday will open the door to other communities and much more!")
_henry-danger-season-5-episode-18-double-o-danger.webp "Henry Danger Season 5 Episode 18 Double-O Danger")
_hannah-montana-season-1-episode-10-o-say-can-you-remember-the-words.webp "Hannah Montana Season 1 Episode 10 O Say Can You Remember The Words-")
_forbidden-desires-alphas-love-full-episode.webp "Forbidden desires Alpha‘s Love Full Episode;")
_session-9-understanding-pucch-and-pusch-in-5g-124-open-ran-explained.webp "Welcome to Session 9 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll delve into the intricacies of the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUCCH Functions: We'll start by discussing the functions of PUCCH, which include carrying uplink control information such as scheduling requests, acknowledgments, and channel quality indications. Understanding these functions is essential for optimizing uplink transmission in 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUCCH Formats: Next, we'll examine the various formats used by PUCCH for transmitting control information. These formats are designed to efficiently convey different types of control information, ensuring reliable and timely communication between the user equipment (UE) and the network.<br/><br/>PUCCH in Action: Lastly, we'll see PUCCH in action, demonstrating how it works in conjunction with other components like the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). This will give you a comprehensive understanding of how PUCCH contributes to the overall efficiency and performance of 5G networks.<br/><br/>PUSCH: Next, we'll shift our focus to the PUSCH, which plays a pivotal role in carrying user data in the uplink. We'll explain the functions of PUSCH, such as transporting data from the user equipment (UE) to the base station (gNB), and how it supports various modulation and coding schemes to optimize data transmission. Additionally, we'll discuss the structure of PUSCH and its interaction with other channels in 5G networks.<br/><br/>Join us as we unravel the complexities of PUCCH and PUSCH, shedding light on their significance in enabling high-speed, reliable, and efficient communication in 5G networks. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
_session-6-protocol-layers-in-open-ran-vs-legacy-networks-124-split-layers.webp "Welcome to Session 6 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll dive into the intricate world of protocol layers, discussing their disaggregation in both legacy network components and Open RAN components. We'll also explore the 3GPP splits for protocols, examining the various options available for these splits.<br/><br/>Architecture of ORAN and Open RAN Components: We'll provide an in-depth look at the architecture of ORAN and Open RAN components, highlighting the key differences and innovations that set them apart from traditional network architectures. We'll explore how these components work together to create a more flexible, efficient, and cost-effective network infrastructure.<br/><br/>Service Management and Orchestration (SMO): This session introduces SMO, focusing on its role in managing and orchestrating services within the Open RAN environment. We'll discuss how SMO enhances network efficiency and performance by automating resource allocation, optimizing service delivery, and ensuring seamless operation across diverse network elements.<br/><br/>Working Groups in Open RAN: Lastly, we'll explore the various working groups in Open RAN that are driving the evolution of this technology. These groups play a crucial role in shaping the future of Open RAN and ensuring its compatibility with emerging technologies. We'll discuss the goals and objectives of these working groups, as well as their contributions to the development of Open RAN standards and specifications.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we simplify the complexities of protocol layers, architectural designs, and the collaborative efforts shaping the future of Open RAN. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
_session-7-understanding-resource-blocks-frame-structure-and-channel-distribution-in-rb.webp "Welcome to Session 7 of our Open RAN series! Join us as we explore the intricate details of resource blocks (RBs), frame structure, and channel distribution in RBs in Open RAN networks. Understanding these elements is crucial for optimizing network performance and efficiency.<br/><br/>Resource Block in Frame Structure: <br/>We'll start by explaining the concept of a resource block (RB) in the context of frame structure. RBs are the fundamental units of resource allocation in 5G networks, consisting of a group of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and a set of consecutive symbols in the time domain. Understanding the structure of RBs is essential for optimizing resource allocation and maximizing the efficiency of wireless transmission.<br/><br/>Frame Structure Basic Building Blocks: <br/>Next, we'll delve into the basic building blocks of frame structure in Open RAN. This includes the various elements that make up a frame, such as the preamble, control channels, and data channels. We'll discuss how these elements are organized within a frame to facilitate the transmission of data across the network.<br/><br/>RB Specs for 5G Terminology: <br/>We'll provide an overview of the specifications related to resource blocks in 5G networks. This will include details on the size of an RB, the frequency range it covers, and other parameters that define the characteristics of an RB in the 5G context. Understanding these specifications is essential for designing and optimizing 5G networks.<br/><br/>Channel Distribution in RB: <br/>Understanding how channels are distributed within resource blocks is crucial for efficient data transmission in Open RAN networks. We'll explain the different types of channels, such as the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and how they are mapped to RBs to carry control information and data.<br/><br/>Frame Structure: Finally, we'll discuss the overall frame structure in Open RAN, highlighting how RBs and other elements come together to form a complete frame for data transmission. We'll discuss the role of synchronization signals, reference signals, and other elements in the frame structure, and how they contribute to the efficient operation of the network.<br/><br/><br/><br/>Don't miss out on our future sessions! Subscribe to the \")
_session-5-open-ran39s-evolution-124-legacy-to-open-ran-networks.webp "Hello and welcome to Session 5 of our Open RAN series! In this session, we'll delve into the evolution of Open RAN, from legacy to cloud-native networks. Join us as we explore each stage in detail, providing insights into the deployment scenarios and the transition to Virtualized CU, Virtualized DU, or Virtualized RIC.<br/><br/>Legacy Networks: Explore the characteristics of traditional non-virtualized RAN setups, including their hardware-centric nature, lack of flexibility, and limited scalability.<br/><br/>Centralized RAN (C-RAN): Learn about the shift towards a centralized architecture for improved efficiency, where baseband processing is centralized, allowing for easier maintenance and upgrades.<br/><br/>Virtualized RAN (V-RAN): Understand the concept of virtualization in RAN, where network functions are decoupled from hardware and run as software instances, leading to improved resource utilization and flexibility.<br/><br/>Disaggregated Open RAN (ORAN): Discover the principles behind disaggregated RAN, which separates hardware and software components, allowing operators to mix and match vendors and components to build networks that best suit their needs.<br/><br/><br/>Join us as we explore each of these stages in detail, providing insights into the evolution of Open RAN deployment. Don't forget to subscribe to the \")
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